economic models

  …And when is it just a family feud? Robert Hall coined “freshwater” and “saltwater” in 1976 to describe a split in macroeconomics: the freshwater camp—Chicago, Minnesota, the University of Rochester—building models where markets clear quickly and government intervention mostly just gets in the way; the saltwater camp—MIT, Harvard, Berkeley—building models with sticky prices and […]

  At its best, the scientific method is one of the most reliable tools humans have devised for generating knowledge. It has earned the authority and trust it commands because it is built to correct itself continuously. A claim, or “hypothesis,” is proposed, then tested. If it survives the initial test, it invites others to […]

  The French unemployment rate has not fallen below 7 percent since the 1970s. In the second quarter of 2026, it stood at 8.3 percent as the economy contended with low labor productivity growth, an aging population and a low workforce participation rate. Many young professionals, including engineers, are leaving the country for jobs abroad, […]

  This speech was delivered in a slightly abridged form on 21 September 2026 in Zurich at the launch of the new book Wer ist der grössere Versager: Markt oder Staat?, co-authored by Štěpán Drábek and Olivier Kessler and published by the Swiss think tank Liberales Institut. The book is available, among other places, from […]

As part of ECAEF’s “Publish with Us” project, we are pleased to feature contributions from a new generation of authors. This article was written by Ricardo Sampaio from Students For Liberty. An agrarian reform applauded as a victory for distributism was, in fact, the ingenious mechanism that financed the spectacular leap to industrial capitalism. When […]