Essays & News

  The task of the economist is not merely, as in equilibrium theory, to examine the logical consistency of various modes of action, but to make human action intelligible, to let us understand the nature of the logical structure called “plans” to exhibit the successive modes of thought which give rise to successive modes of […]

  Ukraine is approaching its fourth year of war. The conflict is now only four months short of lasting as long as World War I. The Ukrainian people and government have fought bravely, showed resilience, tactical competence and were in many respects successful. Russia, however, remains stronger and has greater resources. Support from the West, […]

  During the post-Cold War period, unilateral sanctions were often used by the United States to impose economic costs on adversaries. These measures were also meant to influence and shape the foreign or domestic policy behavior of weaker states to reinforce Washington’s unipolar status. However, since 2022, and arguably even earlier, unilateral sanctions regimes began […]

  The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 led governments around the world to adopt an extraordinary set of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs), including lockdowns, school closures, limits on mobility, and border restrictions. These measures were unprecedented in scale and intrusiveness, and they were implemented despite limited knowledge about their real effects. Existing pandemic preparedness plans […]

  Over the past decade, the economic gap between the United States and the European Union has widened. What was once a slow divergence has accelerated since the pandemic, as growth, productivity and investment increasingly favor the U.S. This gap is more than a statistical curiosity; it reflects a deepening divide in policy orientation and […]