trade
After its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China pursued a policy of economic self-reliance. Under the rule of Chairman Mao Zedong (1949-1976), it proved dramatically unsuccessful. From late 1978, the approach of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) began to change. Integration in the global economy over the following decades allowed China and its […]
It has been four years since Covid-19 began, and with it, the painful shutdowns worldwide that unleashed havoc on global supply chains. Since then, while uncertainty in global trade has not disappeared and geopolitical tensions continue to ebb and flow, the cost of trade and supply-chain bottlenecks have eased and deliveries have largely returned to […]
The era of Western-led globalization has been replaced by a developing struggle between the United States and China. From a Western point of view, the major challenge emerges from a competition between nations that support liberal values and proponents of authoritarianism, with profound implications for the global economy. Mixing international trade with geopolitical rivalries is […]