russia

  Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the country has become one of the most heavily sanctioned in modern history. Unprecedented and coordinated measures from the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, Australia and other allied countries have targeted nearly every major sector of the Russian economy. Energy exports face […]

  Europe is entering the fifth year of the war in Ukraine. Both sides are exhausted yet determined to continue. Russia retains greater resources, but Ukrainian defensive lines are holding. Negotiations occur intermittently, although neither side appears ready to conclude them. Russia benefits from Chinese backing, and U.S. support for Ukraine remains lukewarm. Europe lacks […]

  During the post-Cold War period, unilateral sanctions were often used by the United States to impose economic costs on adversaries. These measures were also meant to influence and shape the foreign or domestic policy behavior of weaker states to reinforce Washington’s unipolar status. However, since 2022, and arguably even earlier, unilateral sanctions regimes began […]

  Russia has steadily expanded its presence across Africa since 2017, establishing operations in several countries through a combination of military contractors, energy partnerships and infrastructure projects. This engagement builds on Soviet-era relationships while pursuing modern strategic goals: securing natural resources, countering Western influence and demonstrating Russia’s relevance as a global power despite international sanctions […]

  Advent should be a peaceful time in expectation of Christmas, the season of love and peace, and the turn of the year. Yet not only during Advent, but actually the entire year 2025 was overshadowed by wars, which is culminating now at the year’s end. The most terrible tragedy is happening in Sudan, but conflicts […]