Enrico Colombatto

  Following the outbreak of the conflict between Iran and the United States in early 2026, the future of global energy supplies took center stage. Although initial fears of shortages caused by geopolitical tensions have subsided, energy traders still find it difficult to predict how supply and demand will evolve. On the supply side, the […]

  Over the past year and until the current Iran war, the United States dollar has offered a mixed picture in two respects. Its exchange rate has weakened against the euro and the British pound (from 0.95 to 0.85 and from 0.79 to 0.74, respectively), but strengthened against the yen (from 150 to 155). At […]

  Over the past two decades, many developments have raised questions about the role of central banks and how vulnerable they are to political pressure. It is also worth asking to what extent central bankers can influence politics, and whether such a state of affairs is desirable. In a world where national financial institutions act […]

  Over the past 80 years, policymakers have recognized the benefits of free-trade principles. They gradually agreed to restrain their discretionary power and abstain from regulating trade to raise cash (tariffs) or create privileged positions for selected producers (non-tariff barriers). International agencies were established to ensure that an increasing number of countries reduced their trade […]

  The 30th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) will be held this November in Belem, Brazil. The global climate summit will review progress and possibly intensify efforts to address climate change. While the detailed agenda has not yet been released, three issues are […]