Karl-Friedrich Israel

Index numbers and choice: Haberler’s unseen bridge between Austrian Economics and Logical Empiricism Executive Summary This paper examines Gottfried Haberler’s early theoretical work on index numbers as a unique point of convergence between the Austrian School of Economics and the tradition of Logical Empiricism. While these schools are often seen as methodologically opposed – the […]

  Over the past two years, European policymakers have embraced the term “de-risking” to describe the continent’s recalibrated relationship with China. While the European Union considered China a “systemic rival” in 2019, the bloc no longer seeks full “decoupling,” but aims to reduce exposure in sectors deemed strategic for security and competitiveness. The underlying concern […]

  Europe faces a growing challenge that cannot be solved easily: the loss of human capital. As global competition for skilled labor intensifies, the European Union is struggling to retain its best minds and attract new ones. This “brain drain” is not a new phenomenon, but it is becoming increasingly acute, structural and geopolitically relevant. […]

  The European Union sees itself as a rules-based power and a force for good in the global economy. Its regulations are often presented as embodiments of universal values: protecting consumers, ensuring sustainability and promoting digital responsibility. Over the past two decades, this model has become a defining part of Europe’s global identity. Nevertheless, for […]

  Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) has shifted from academic margins into policy conversations because it presents a straightforward proposition: If a country issues its own currency, it need not fear deficits; the only binding constraint is inflation. For governments facing aging populations while preparing for strategic rearmament, green investment and industrial policy, this message is […]